W.B. Yeats and the Importance of Imagination Essay -- Biography Biogra

W.B. Yeats and the Importance of Imagination The poetry of the Irish writer WB Yeats celebrates how the human imagination gives meaning to life's struggles. Yeats's vision of human creative power evolves with his writing, broadening from seeing the imagination as the embodiment of human desires to understanding the power of the imagination to inspire others and immortalize the creative spirit. Yeats's work, by embracing this power, embraces the human condition itself, giving dignity to hardships and suffering by transfiguring 'dread' into 'tragedy.' The inevitable suffering described in poems like "Adam's Curse," "The Wild Swans at Coole," and "The Circus Animals' Desertion," is transfigured into works of art which immortalize the human spirit, as in "The Lake Isle of Innisfree," "A Dialogue of Self and Soul," and "Lapis Lazuli." In Yeats' poems, human life is an experience wrought with sorrow and suffering. "Adam's Curse," for example, defines the human condition in terms of the twin hardships of labor and mortality. Just as the Biblical Adam was cursed with toil and death when he was exiled from Eden, all people in "Adam's Curse" must struggle to live, only to ultimately die. Like the "old pauper" who must "scrub a kitchen pavement, or break stones" to survive, all people labor in life, especially when making a work of beauty: the poet, for example, works "hours" at "stitching and unstitching" lines in order to create "sweet sounds," only to be called an "idler," and every woman is "born...to know" that she must "labour to be beautiful." The "curse" of labor is made more bearable when it informs the creation of beauty, as in a poem, a woman's "sweet and low" voice, or a "love...compounded of high courtesy," but the curs... ...g the inflexible realities of life, Yeats's works come to appreciate the greater powers of the creative soul to inspire others to embrace their own suffering, to see and balance all parts of the human experience and transfigure even hardship into art. The imagination thus empowers man to defy with his spirit what his body cannot- he finds spiritual timelessness, perfection, and immortality in a world where he will decay, fail, and perish. It is the imagination which allows this discovery, transfiguring the deepest anguish of bounded life into free and eternal "gaiety." Works Cited Finneran, Richard, ed. The Collected Works of W.B. Yeats. 2nd ed. New York: Scribner, 1997. Frye, Northrop. The Educated Imagination.Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1964. Parkinson, Thomas. W.B. Yeats: The Later Poetry. University of California Press: Berkeley, 1964.

Analysis Of The Indian Dairy Industry Essay

My new venture is Lakshmi Dairy which (According to Hindu mythology cow is considered to be the goddess of wealth and prosperity) attempts to encroach the simple dairy merchandise. Processing the milk in my dairy which iam likely to set up in my home town, that is acquired from farmers from surrounding villages. My ultimate target would be from the day-to-day consumption and flourishing dairy products such as butter, cheese, yoghurt, especially types of Milk itself i.e., Skimmed milk, semi-skimmed, whole milk. Keeping in mind my previous experience, in my family business (Lakshmi Milk Booth) along with my father, collecting milk from various farmers and distributing them in our village, which I thought will be helpful for me in starting a dairy firm. This helps me to expand my family business (Lakshmi milk booth) by employing my villagers who at least have a minimum qualification which helps them in handling the sophisticated equipment that is used in this whole process. Introduction: see more:non farming activities in india Food, clothes and shelter are the three basic necessities of human beings where food is considered to the first and foremost thing for the survival of the human beings (source). It can be consumed in the form of liquids such as water, milk, natural fruit juice, beverages etc as well as solids such as baked food, cooked food, natural fruits and vegetables etc. As milk is considered as the highly nutritious and the complete food, it is consumed in a large quantity. Especially, for the kids who are less than 3 yrs old, it is suggested by doctors that Milk gives sufficient calcium, proteins and vitamins before they can digest any other food (reference, u can’t say on ur own). Not only kids but also people who are aged above 45 yrs are habituated to consume milk as a part of their break fast, as it strengthens teeth and bones and supplies required calcium (reference please). Indian dairy industry: Agriculture is the largest private sector and is also known to be the lifeline of the Indian economy. More than 60% of the population is dependant on the agriculture while 58.2% of the work force is directly or indirectly employed by means of agriculture. (Reference please, when giving facts and figures u need references for sure) Dairy farming is the most important part of the agriculture for thousands of years now and India is the largest milk producer. It produces 112 million MT with the highest share of 13% of the world’s production, which costs approximately 105,946 crores ( £1 = 72) (Shiva kumar Hedaoo, 2010) (this one is ok) Dairy industry is the highest contributor of the rural economy and hence it is considered to be the backbone of the agricultural sector. It is the leading source of nutrition, Bio-gas, employment, income of cash and a ‘cushion for drought proofing in India (Patel, 1993; Paroda, 1998). http://www.ukessays.com/essays/marketing/analysis ­of ­the ­indian ­dairy ­industry ­marketing ­essay.php 1/7 12/18/2014 Analysis of the Indian dairy industry Market Research: The world’s largest and the cheapest milk producer is India (Shiva kumar Hedaoo, 2010). Dairy products in India have a market value for about 100 billion. For many years now, the dairies in India have been delivering universally required products such as Semi-skimmed and skimmed milk, vanaspathi (ghee), butter, cheese etc. So as to capture the market place they have also started producing new dairy products like low fat milk, sweet yogurt etc. also the traditional sweets like rasmalai, rasgullas etc.  there  by creating an opportunity for the new entries. Dairy farming industry in India is one of the most rapidly growing industries, which is in turn is providing various opportunities for the new entrepreneurs. However, media (electronic and press) and the government play a key role in educating the people about the importance of the milk consumption and its products regularly. As per the recent (which market survey mention it)market survey, it is considered that the total population of India is 168 crores approximately. On the other hand, doctors and reputed health organisations are constantly advising us to include at least 100 ml of milk per day in our daily meal. (reference please, which doctor or doctors or doctors association)In that case, if every individual starts consuming 100 ml per day, the milk consumption on the whole might be 168,000 tons approximately. The growth and expansion of Dairy industry in India is likely, due to the development of the urban communities. The global consumption of milk has tremendously increased but it has become a challenge to meet the basic nutritional value of the dairy products in the under developed, developed and developing countries. The growth in per capita income might impact and eventually increase the consumption of milk and its products. Through the historical data, it is evident that as per the Indian standards the consumption of the dairy products could be more of the live stock products. The changes are more likely when the mankind start adopting the new lifestyle, food habits which are considered to be a part of the socioeconomic and the demographic factors (Radhakrishan and Ravi, 1990).(ok) Structure of the Industry: India is a developing country. Moreover, the dairy industry in India is not well established when compared to that of western countries. More than 90% of the dairy products are delivered by unliterary/unorganized sector and only 10% are delivered by organized sectors. (Shiv Kumar Hedaoo, 2010, referencing goes like (Hedaoo, 2010) that’s it).(other than that Fine) Many dairies adopted the most traditional and the ancient ways of producing milk and its products. Until the past few years countries like India have been concentrating only on limited and regional dairy products like yogurt  (regular), butter, cheese etc. Since the last 3 years, in order to capture the market, they have been producing the new dairy products such as sweet yogurt, flavoured milk shakes etc. (Shiv Kumar Hedaoo, 2010).gud SWOT Analysis: T he best of the data for conducting the SWOT analysis has been gathered considering the real instances of my (Give some name) Family Business (Milk) and the recent information on Dairy Industry in India, especially focusing on rural (villages) areas. http://www.ukessays.com/essays/marketing/analysis ­of ­the ­indian ­dairy ­industry ­marketing ­essay.php 2/7 12/18/2014 Analysis of the Indian dairy industry Strengths: India is well known for largest live stock owning, as it has about 61% of buffaloes and 19% of cattle of the world (GOI, 2002). (Gud) In the year 1992, the livestock in India was 470.86 millions approximately (Sharma, June 2002 page 8, (u don’t need page and month while citation, it should be like this (Sharma, 2002) that’s it). Considerably the labour and the whole production unit costs are less when compared to that of other countries. Also, India stands in the 2nd place in terms of the population and also the 7th largest country in the world of which 43% of the land has been used for agriculture purpose. Weaknesses: The two drawbacks of dairy Industry in India are as follows: In spite of availability of the various sophisticated equipments, most of the Dairy firms in India still tend to use the ancient techniques for the process of production. Any Source u can proof ur point Most of the dairy firms in India are unorganized. (Hedaoo, 2010), I have done this referencing for u†¦ Opportunities: In recent days, we could see that there has been tremendous increase in the consumption of milk, which wouldn’t have been possible without the intervention of media and the government. The key task performed was educating the people about the dairy products and its importance which effectively increased the consumption of milk. Hence, they created an opportunity for the new entities to capture the market share. Government has also made it easy for the dairy firms to import the highly sophisticated equipments with very less excise duty charges and the licensing policies etc. (u need source/reference to cover up ur this point) Threats: Unfortunately, many other western countries are exporting high quality dairy products to India due to the liberalization and the WTO full form please, as u havn’t mention it before agreements, teacher will say I don’t know what is it. Hence, there are high end milk products that are readily available in the market which could be at a major threat to the new entities. (How is the main point, rite it down) My Business Concept: I would hereby like to talk about the whole business plan (Lakshmi Dairy Firm) that I am likely (likely word shud not come, as u must be sure as a business women) to start. My family is based out of Thadepalligudem (a small village with more than 300 families among which there could be 85% illiterates approximately (Source)) in Costal Andhra (Andhra Pradesh, the highest milk producing state in India). Our family has been running a small business across http://www.ukessays.com/essays/marketing/analysis ­of ­the ­indian ­dairy ­industry ­marketing ­essay.php 3/7 12/18/2014 Analysis of the Indian dairy industry the village for almost 32 yrs now. I helped my father in the business, apart from my studies, since I was 12 yrs old which helped me gain some knowledge in establishing my own firm based on my experience. My father, mother and 3 more staff that we have engaged used to collect milk twice a day (at 6 am and 5 pm) at the milk booth, apart from which we have a delivery staff of size 15. On an average we collect 3000-3500 litres (u can increase ur staff if u want as it seems to be much more enough for 5 people to collect milk, that’s my opinion) of milk from the villagers belonging to my own village and also the surroundings. Once the milk is gathered, it is sent for processing i.e., purifying, filtering and refining. One this process is complete; the milk is filled and stored in the container of with the capacity of 30 litres each. These cans are then distributed accordingly at homes, sweet shops, bakeries, hotels etc. in the near by towns and cities, by the delivery staff through various means (wrong spelling) of transportation like motorcycles, auto rickshaws etc. without actually packing or chilling. The distribution of the milk cans should not take more than 2 hrs; on the whole it takes 5 hrs from the time the milking is done to the time of delivery. If the entire stock is sold out, we get a minimum profit of 15% to the maximum of 20%. During the winter season, as the cows and buffaloes yield more milk, the production is high (by 6% to 8% on the whole) where as there is decrease in the consumption. As villages doesn’t have any kind of sophisticated equipment for storing the remaining milk, it goes waste i.e., loss. Due to the less consumption of milk (in winter season), the prices may drop down from 30% to 50% in the neighbourhood villages. Instead, if we have required modern equipments to convert milk into milk powder, we may still make more profit on the whole (5% higher than the normal profits). (gud natural point) During summer, the consumption of milk is likely to increase and hence there is more demand for the dairy products such as yogurt, butter, cheese, ghee etc. However, the production of milk during this season is very less.(why milk production is low in summers proof it) Also there is no latest machinery which could covert milk into several other dairy products in huge quantities, due to which we loose our valuable customers. Currently my family is carrying the business transactions between two cities and collecting the milk from six villages only. Also there is no dairy firm located for about 410 kms from my village, as my village itself and its surrounding villages are under developed and backward. In order to overcome the above mentioned difficulties, I have business plan of establishing a Milk Dairy in my village. Following are the reasons to choose my village for a launching a Milk Dairy: Have more livestock compared to other villages. Central place to 20 other villages (easy access). Near by to the cities with the population of more than 75,000 individuals. We own a land which is big enough to construct the building. To develop my village in terms of liveliness. Allocation of sufficient funds by government for the firms that are been established in the backward areas. http://www.ukessays.com/essays/marketing/analysis ­of ­the ­indian ­dairy ­industry ­marketing ­essay.php 4/7 12/18/2014 Analysis of the Indian dairy industry Initially, I would start of my business by introducing the highly sophisticated equipments, which helps us store the milk for longer time (say 20-25 days). The next equipment that I would introduce is the packing  machine (to sell the milk in packets as we do now) and a van with a built in chilling machine which makes it easy for the long distance transportation. We (our family business) are well known for the quality, punctuality/timely delivery and reasonable prices of the product, at the same time we maintain a good rapport with our staff by giving wages on time and lending advances. (Well done) Market and USP: In the cities and towns near by my village there could (u shud be certain with facts and figures while doing or starting business) be a population of about 80,000 approx. where it is assumed that 8,000 to 8,500 litres of milk can be sold out and the dairy products of 1700 to 1900 kilograms every day (varies from season to season). In my village, very limited numbers of dairy products are available (which products are they mention it please). However, the customers are not satisfied as they are unhygienic, low quality etc. Due to the lack of alternatives, they had to purchase it. (say we will provide better alternatives) Taking this as advantage I would like to produce more number of dairy products like milk powder, yogurt, skimmed and semi-skimmed milk etc. with high quality and reasonable prices. I strongly believe that the goodwill of my family will give a boost up, which I (u shud be certain while doing business whether it works or not) be successful by working with the well versed experienced staff. Competitors: As there is no dairy closer to my village, people are dependant on the regional milk sellers. There are four other competitors who has the similar business that we carry out, among which two of them are closed during summer (due to the less production of milk), while the other two has less reputation and fame when compared to us and we conquer 60% of the market share while the 40% is captured by the rest. Price and Margins: The primary objective of launching a Dairy firm is to make the hygienic, reasonable product available any time. The cost price of milk/litre is 9 to 13 and the selling price is 14 to 18 per litre ( £1=72*). If the entire stock  is sold out then we are likely to make a profit of 2 to 3 per litre. The left over milk will be processed to convert it into the milk powder, which in turn can be saved up to 6months and are sold out during summer (when in demand). The supplements like yogurt, ghee, and butter milk are bought from the farmers directly and are further processed to meet the quality. These dairy products can be sold with a margin profit of 15% at the maximum.a

I Have An Assignment For You - 710 Words

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A Privacy Policy With Explanations - 1473 Words

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Realization of Inner Evil in Joseph Conrads Heart of...

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Earlier in the day, Martial Bourdin, a skinny anarchist, traveled by train from Westminster to Greenwich, concealing a small bomb. As he ominously ambled through Greenwich Park, towards the Observatory, something happened - no one knows exactly what - and he blew most of himself to shreds. The British, whoRead More Marlow’s Metamorphosis in Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness Essay3518 Words   |  15 PagesMarlow’s Metamorphosis in Heart of Darkness Conrads novel, Heart of Darkness, relies on the historical period of imperialism to illuminate its protagonist, Charlie Marlow, and his struggle with two opposite value systems. Marlow undergoes a catharsis during his trip to the Congo and learns of the effects of imperialism. I will analyze Marlows change, which is caused by his exposure to the imperialistic nature of the historical period in which he lived. Marlow goes to the Congo River to

Healthy Living For Homeless Families Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

string(187) " upsets and lending to the increased prevalence of ill controlled diabetes, high blood pressure and cholesterin \( 10 \) , all good established hazard factors for Cardiovascular disease\." Chronic diseases are the prima causes of decease and disablement nation-wide. Populations with economic and societal unfairnesss are unreasonably affected by chronic disease, predominately fleshy and fleshiness. Statisticss have shown the incidence of all chronic diseases is higher for people in the two lowest-income groups than for those in the three upper-income groups ( 1 ) . We will write a custom essay sample on Healthy Living For Homeless Families Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Overweight and fleshiness are the major signifiers of malnutrition in stateless households ( 2 ) and mortality rates of the homeless in North America are at least 3-5 times greater than that seen in the general populations of Canada and the U.S ( 3 ) . Low income groups besides engage in more high hazard behaviours, such as coffin nail smoke, unhealthy diet, and deficiency of physical activity, than groups with higher incomes ( 1 ) . Interventions concentrating on the primary bar of chronic disease utilizing physical activity and nutrition instruction in the low-income population have been developed and reviewed in the yesteryear. These intercessions proved to hold successful result steps within participants, including an addition of fruit and vegetable ingestion, physical activity and healthy weight loss. There has been deficient committedness at the national, province and local degrees to implement policies and give support and resources to the enlargement of comprehensive primary preventive plans that deliver services to this alone population. Statement of Problem The intent of this survey is to find the effectivity of a community-based nutrition instruction and physical activity intercession plan to a low-income population. The intercession will be designed and facilitated by a Loma Linda University nutrition alumnus pupil. Workshops will be implemented in traditional group Sessionss dwelling of one hr each hebdomad for five hebdomads. Participants are enrolled in the Inland Temporary Homes plan in Loma Linda, California. Fundss for the plan will be provided by the City of Loma Linda through the awarded California Healthy Cities grant. Hypothesis: Will the nutrition and lifestyle intercession plan have positive wellness results of participants harmonizing to evaluated informations from pre and station intercession study ‘s and pre and station intercession trials? 90 % of the participants will go to all five workshops. 90 % of participants will reply more inquiries right on the post-test than on the comparable pretest. 90 % of participants will increase fruit and vegetable ingestion compared to their pre-intervention study. 90 % of participants will increase physical activity compared to their pre-intervention study. 60 % of participants, harmonizing to pre and station study consequences, will travel up one phase of alteration from baseline towards the action stage as evaluated utilizing the Transtheoretical Model. Null Hypothesis: There will be no difference between the pre and station intercession studies of the participants measuring the effectivity of the nutrition and physical activity intercession. Boundary lines: Boundary lines of this survey include geographical location, cost measuring and the rating of one workshop. Participants are limited to those of the Inland Temporary Homes located in Loma Linda, CA. The consequences of this survey may non be generalized to other locations or income categories. Four sets of workshops are offered to participants each twelvemonth. This survey will merely include the consequences from one of the Sessionss. Restrictions: Language and literacy barriers may be restrictions of the survey. This survey will be limited by the self-reporting truth of the participants. Specifically, participants will be asked to supply information on statements of their personal life style wonts, nutritionary, physical activity degree. Any inaccuracy of these self-reports may impact the survey consequences. The research worker has no control over who attends the workshop and how many abodes will take part during the evaluated workshop. Premises: The undermentioned premises are made: a ) the participants ‘ self-report on the study is honorable, accurate, and complete. Operational Definitions: Inland Temporary Homes: a non-profit organisation that provides lodging, rehabilitation, and ongoing support to homeless households throughout the Inland Empire. Transtheoretical Model: Assesses an person ‘s preparedness to move on a new healthier behaviour, and provides schemes, or procedures of alteration to steer the person through the phases of alteration to action and care. Chapter 2 Literary Review Population Background Homelessness is a quickly intensifying job in both rural and urban United States. Health jobs associated with homelessness documented throughout literature show that about 40 % of stateless persons are reported to hold some type of chronic disease ( 4 ) including increased rate of cardiovascular and infective diseases ( 5 ) along with inordinate rates of substance ( baccy, intoxicant and cocaine ) maltreatment ( 6 ) . Many of these instances, nevertheless, travel un-reported. In the United States, more than 50 % of the stateless deficiency wellness coverage ( 7 ) , doing diagnosing and intervention of their cardiovascular hazard factors even more ambitious. Overweight and fleshiness are the major signifiers of chronic disease and malnutrition in stateless households. Corpulent is defined as holding a BMI of 30 or greater and being morbidly corpulent is holding a BMI of over 40 ( 8 ) . Bing fleshy or corpulent is associated with many diseases and conditions such as: coronary bosom disease, high blood pressure, shot, malignant neoplastic disease, increased cholesterin and triglycerides, sleep apnea and gynaecological jobs ( 8 ) . Dietary Habits of Low-Income Population Homeless people eat nutrient prepared, by municipal and charity shelters, drop-in centres, fast nutrient eating houses, 24-hour convenience shops and from refuse bins ( 3 ) . Research suggests that because diets high in refined grains, added sugars, and added fats by and large cost less than healthful diets composed of thin meats, whole grains and fresh fruits and veggies, the low-income population has greater exposure to an unsanitary diet ( 9 ) . Calorie-dense, processed and nutritionally unequal nutrient points are easy accessible in low-income vicinities and more cost-efficient options to healthier nutrient picks. Devouring these nutrient points may lend to fleshy and fleshiness and lead to chronic disease in the low-income population. Datas on the nutritionary consumption of stateless population is slightly limited. However, most surveies report a high prevalence of inadequate or unbalanced food, vitamin and mineral consumption puting the homeless at hazard for nutrition-related upsets and lending to the increased prevalence of ill controlled diabetes, high blood pressure and cholesterin ( 10 ) , all good established hazard factors for Cardiovascular disease. You read "Healthy Living For Homeless Families Health And Social Care Essay" in category "Essay examples" Luder et Al ( 11 ) revealed that stateless people ‘ s diets are frequently high in concentrated fats and cholesterin and inadequate in indispensable foods, lending to adverse lipid profiles. Another survey of nutritionary position among a group of grownup stateless adult females found that recommended day-to-day allowances ( RDA ‘s ) were normally exceeded for Na and saturated fats, both of which are independently associated with increased cardiovascular disease hazard ( 12 ) . Intervention Programs Targeting the Low-Income Population Interventions concentrating on bar of chronic disease with purposes to change physical activity and nutritionary wonts have been developed and reviewed in the yesteryear. Outcome measures for these plans have shown an addition of fruit and vegetable ingestion, physical activity and fat decrease ( 1 ) . Intervention plans targeted at low-income audiences with the most successful results tend to be delivered in an synergistic ocular format, to be culturally appropriate, supply trim stuffs, administered in accessible primary attention scenes, and to give inducements to move on the information provided ( 1 ) . Nutrition intercession plans with successful results involved some signifier of nutrient readying and tasting ( 1 ) . The end of this attack was to turn to the 5 -A -Day message ( devouring 5 helpings of fruits and veggies per twenty-four hours ) with vibrant shows, while supplying participants with an chance to savor and smell alimentary nutrient samples in a comfy acquisition environment. Educators besides demonstrated easy and cheap ways to fix and function veggies and fruit, and provided participants with promotional take-home stuffs such as formulas, booklets, spines and magnets ( 1 ) . A gulf between diet and wellness among low-income groups calls for nutrition intercessions that educate low-income households on cheap, healthful feeding and chronic disease bar in a structured environment. This literature reappraisal will assist set up the principle for planning and implementing a nutrition and lifestyle intercession plan aiming the homeless population. The intent of this reappraisal is to detect and compare assorted methods of plans developed for the aforesaid population to better program and implement the intercession plan. Overview of Intervention Programs A figure of intercession schemes advancing primary bar and wellness have been intended to better the nutritionary position of the stateless population. Interventions ranged in a assortment of attacks from traditional group Sessionss taught by wellness professionals, peer-led workshops, one-on-one guidance and home-based telephone and mail intercessions to multimedia schemes and experiential activities such as nutrient presentations, educational picture and group exercisings ( 1 ) . One survey ( 13 ) implemented and evaluated an educational plan for female parents who resided in a homeless shelter. The aim was to better the nutritionary position of stateless kids ages 18 months to 6 old ages. Mothers ‘ cognition of nutrition was tested before and after plan engagement. Four lessons aiming the nutritionary demands of immature kids based on growing and development demands were designed and addressed by a registered dietician. Classs were offered over a nine moth period and each category lasted an hr. As an inducement to promote engagement, female parents ‘ who completed all four categories were given bus base on ballss for one hebdomad, and their kids were given a healthy bite. Subjects for the four lessons were: Benefits of Beverages, Building Strong Bones and Muscles, Healthy Meal Choices, and Nutritious Snack Ideas. Teaching stuffs, press releases, and category activities were developed in a low-literacy format. Teaching stuffs were visually appeali ng, with a assortment of colourss and images. Ocular presentations were used to demo the differences in fat and sugar in healthy and non-healthy nutrient points. Consequences of the intercession found that female parents significantly scored higher on each post-test than on the comparable pretest ( 14 ) . Theory of Framework The bulk of intercessions incorporated theoretical theoretical accounts or were guided by theories. Such documented theories included the transtheoretical ( phases of alteration ) theoretical account, societal cognitive theory theoretical account, the societal ecological model, the community intercession theoretical account, and the wellness publicity manner ( 1 ) . These theories were tailored to the participants ‘ conceptual adulthood. The Transtheoretical Model ( TTM ) will be used as a model for the intercession. Participants may be in different phases of the TTM throughout the plan, and the plan will on each phase of alteration so that everyone participating may profit. Nutritional Counseling in Intervention Methods of nutrition reding with behavioural dietetic guidance have proved good in increasing low-income grownups ‘ long term alterations in ingestion of fruit and veggies ( 14 ) . The combination of turn toing the importance of fruit and vegetable ingestion and its benefits to wellness with specific, individualized advice and short-run and long-run goal-setting proved to bring on alteration in this population. Steptoe et Al ( 14 ) compared brief nutrition reding with behavioural dietetic guidance in a primary attention puting. Each 15- minute audience was supported with written information, and an overall mark was to increase the consumption of veggies and fruit from baseline degrees. The nutrition reding group received instruction about the importance of increasing the consumption of veggies and fruit, and the nutritionary benefits were emphasized. The behavioural group was given reding tailored to each individual ‘s demands harmonizing to motivational preparedness, wit h personalized, specific advice and short-run and long-run end scene. Both methods of reding proven good in increasing low-income grownups ‘ ingestion of veggies and fruit. Incentives Incentives were used in many intercessions to promote engagement and/or straight affect results. Incentives can be used to increase engagement and battle in the acquisition activities. Surveies have demonstrated that low-income populations may profit from inducements such as nutrient vouchers to better the affordability of veggies and fruit, and therefore increase ingestion ( 1 ) . These surveies provide grounds that authorities attempts should concentrate on taking the barriers of cost and handiness of healthy nutrients by turn toing societal and economic factors that will extenuate wellness unfairnesss. Drumhead The reviewed literature provided positive results of step on ends of increasing nutritionary position and cognition of low-income participants. Nutrition intercessions aimed at low-income audiences tend to be delivered in an synergistic ocular format, are culturally appropriate, administered in accessible scenes, and give inducements to move on the information provided. Get the better ofing barriers refering to this population is of concern when planning this intercession plan. These barriers include low literacy, handiness, cognition and skill degree, and deficiency of clip and money. Experiential activities such as cooking presentations, group exercisings, and synergistic pictures have been used as schemes to turn to these barriers. Suggestions for polish of intercessions included: kid attention for care-givers and convenient timing of categories, integrating motivational factors impacting female parents ‘ abilities to use wellness publicity, and turn toing other factors other than instruction, such as life style, that affect healthy behaviours. Chapter III Methods The intent of this survey is to measure the effectivity of a community-nutrition intercession plan for low-income occupants take parting in the Inland Temporary Homes plan in Loma Linda, CA. Residence of Inland Temporary Homes will be take parting in a series of nutrition and lifestyle workshops. The plan is designed to increase the cognition of wellness and nutrition while advancing healthy life and feeding in a community of predominately low income households. Chapter III is an overview of the research participants, plan design and execution of the nutrition intercession. Survey Participants Participants of the survey are limited to low-income grownups ( ages 18 and older ) who presently participate in the Inland Temporary Homes ( ITH ) . Inland Temporary Homes is a non-profit organisation that provides lodging, rehabilitation, and ongoing support to homeless households throughout the Inland Empire ( 15 ) . Inland Temporary Homes is a nurturing place environment where households can emerge self-empowered with the cognition and tools to re-establish themselves in the community. Applications to inscribe in the plan are considered throughout the twelvemonth although infinite in the places is limited. Throughout their 60-90 twenty-four hours residence, it is required that each grownup complete certain plans. One of the plans is go toing the City of Loma Linda ‘s series of nutrition workshops. Engagement in the Nutrition Workshop depends on when occupants enroll in the ITH plan and managers facilitate who attends the five hebdomad session of categories during the twelve month. Nutrition Workshops are offered four times a twelvemonth to suit for new enrollees and to do certain each occupant gets the chance to take part. Past workshops have accommodated anyplace from three to fifteen participants during a given session of categories. Once occupants of Inland Temporary Homes have been rehabilitated, they re-enter back into the work force with their households. Many of the participants find lodging in Loma Linda ‘s North Central Neighborhood. Study Design The survey will be a formative rating research survey focused on run intoing the plan, behavioural and learning aims. Knowledge of nutrition and physical activity will be tested before and after engagement in the plan. Pre-and post-intervention studies will besides be filled out by participants. The intercession calls for a upper limit of 15 participants to go to a 60 minute seminar together one time per hebdomad for a sum of five hebdomads. Weekly seminars will be developed and facilitated by a current MPH/Nutrition pupil at Loma Linda University and tailored to increase consciousness and cognition of the importance of physical activity, increasing fruit and vegetable ingestion and schemes relevant to accomplishing a healthy diet and life style and cut downing chronic disease hazard. Incentives A alimentary repast will be prepared for participants at each workshop. Free nutrient is a great inducement for participants to go to the workshop. Free kid attention during the workshop will besides be offered to those who have little kids and cut down restrictions to go to. Participants will have a booklet consisting of reading stuff for each lesson program. Each hebdomad after the lesson, inquiries will be asked to the participants. If they answer the inquiries right, they will able to pick from a assortment of healthy nutrient options and awards. Participants will be able to maintain workshop stuff and booklets after go toing the fifth and concluding workshop. These inducements will heighten engagement within the population and attain attending throughout the full series of workshops. Meal Engagement A healthy and alimentary repast will be prepared for participants at the beginning of each workshop. Some repasts will include synergistic engagement from occupants. For illustration, a pizza crust along with shredded veggies will be premade and displayed and participants will be responsible to add veggies and low-fat cheese to their pizza. This battle of activity with the repasts will let participants to prosecute in merriment and healthy behaviours in a hands-on environment. Each formula prepared for category will be simple and easy to follow, low-cost and easy for participants to seek at their ain place with their households. Recipes for the highlighted repast will be given to each participant each hebdomad. Lesson Plans Each hebdomad a different subject will be covered. The subjects covered by hebdomad will be: 1. Introduction to the Food Guide Pyramid, 2. Reading a Label, 3. How to Shop in a Grocery Store, 4. The Basics of Cooking and Snacking and 5. Why Should You Trouble oneself with Nutrition? Videos will besides be shown during category as synergistic acquisition tools. Group engagement and treatment will be encouraged each hebdomad. This will give participants the opportunity to inquire inquiries, talk with each other, job solve and be accompanied by a nutrition pupil who can help them with any barriers they may hold sing the subjects. After each session, participants will compose down short term and long term ends they would wish to accomplish. The group atmosphere will promote participants to remain accountable of their ends. Data Collection and Procedures Measures and Interpretation Pre and post trial and studies will be conducted to mensurate and construe the effectivity of the intercession. The trials and studies will be administered in a manner so that the participant will remain anon. , but besides so the pre and station information can be compared on the same individual. Each set of studies and trials will hold a figure from 1 through 15 on the upper right manus corner. Each participant will randomly pick a set of documents and must retrieve the figure on their paper. Merely the participant will cognize their figure. A piece of paper will be handed out so that participants can compose down their name on the line matching to the figure they randomly picked. This paper will be kept in a safe topographic point in instance participants bury their figure. At so terminal of the intercession, studies and trials will besides hold Numberss 1 through 15. Each participant will be asked to make full out the study and trial inquiries from the paper with the same figure they had during the pre-survey and pre-test. This will let the participants to experience more comfy reacting to the inquiries without uncovering themselves to the pupil. It will besides let comparing ratings to be determined for each participant. Surveies will utilize simple footings and be easy to read. Surveys will give participants the ability to turn to what they would wish to larn from the category and how good the category was for them. This will let the pupil to turn to specific issues within the lessons. Participants will be able to measure how they felt about the category anonymously with the manager of Inland Temporary Homes, and the information will be directed back to the pupil research worker. Surveies ( see appendix ) will besides inquire participants sing ; how frequently they visit fast nutrient constitutions, how many times they eat inside the place, soft drink and intoxicant ingestion, fruit, veggie, whole grain, dairy and meat ingestion, if they read nutrient labels, how many yearss per hebdomad they engage in physical activity and preparedness for alteration. The study will measure their phase of alteration in conformity to the Transtheoretical Model. Participant ‘s phase will be measured at the beginning and at the terminal of the intercession utilizing two methods. Measured on a graduated table of one to ten ( one being least confident, 10 being most confident ) participants will be asked to mensurate their current preparedness to increase fruit and vegetable ingestion from baseline ingestion and their self-efficacy to accomplish this end. Participants will besides be asked to weigh the Pros and Cons of increasing fruit and vegetable ingestion. Precontemplation is the phase in which people are non meaning to take action in a six month period. In this phase, the Pros of fruit and vegetable ingestion far outweighs the Cons and self-efficacy tonss are low because they may be uninformed about the wellness benefits or held back by fiscal agencies or other grounds. Contemplation is the phase in which participants are meaning to alter in the following six months. In this phase, the Pros and Cons are more equal and self-efficacy mark may be mean. In the Preparation, Action and Maintenance phases, the Cons of fruit and vegetable ingestion outweigh the Pros and self-efficacy tonss are comparatively high ( 16 ) . The pre and station trials ( see appendix ) will inquire inquiries refering to the lesson programs throughout the five hebdomads. Trials will inquire consecutive forward inquiries and be of appropriate literacy degree. Test tonss will be measured to measure if cognition was gained as a consequence of the lesson programs. Ethical Considerations The IRB regulations and ordinances will be followed during the class of this survey. Participants will be informed that any information they provide in respects to studies and trials will be kept confidential and non attached to anything that will take to the designation of the person who provided the information. Information provided will non specifically place the supplier of information. The pupil research worker must be a Certified Food Worker in the county of San Bernardino in order to fix and manage nutrient decently for the workshops. Protocols There will be no prejudice refering to the research worker sing the population, category treatments or results of the ratings. All information from participants will be kept confidential and merely accessible to the pupil research worker who will analysis the informations. Pre-and post-tests and studies will be graded and consequences will be implemented into SPSS by the pupil research worker. Data Measurement and Analysis Datas from the studies will be entered into the SPSS plan and consequences evaluated. Pre and station trials will be graded manually by the pupil, and that information will be entered into SPSS for rating. To find the phase of alteration pre and station intercession, both the graduated table and list of pros and cons will be evaluated pre and station intercession by the pupil and entered into SBSS for comparing. The effectivity of the intercession will be determined by the consequences of the participants pre and station studies, trials, and rating of phase of alteration. Budget The City of Loma Linda with the fiscal assistance of the California Healthy Cities Grant aimed to better nutrition and the quality of life among the low income occupants of Inland Temporary Homes. The grant enables the City of Loma Linda to engage a pupil houseman from the Loma Linda School of Public Health, Nutrition Department as the Nutrition and Wellness Educator. The financess will patronize the workshops for Inland Temporary Homes. Annual Cost of Workshop ( For 15 Participants ) Forces Cost: -Student Intern $ 1,000 -Child Care $ 200 Supplies: -Prizes- $ 100 -Folders $ 20 -Printed Material $ 50 Food A ; Beverage: $ 800 Transportation system: $ 100 Facility: $ 250 Entire COST $ 2,520 Mentions Chaudhary N. Kreiger N. Nutrition and Physical Activity Interventions for Low-Income Populations. Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research. 2007 ; 68:201-206. Schwarz K, Garrett B, Hampsey J, Thompson D. High Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in Homeless Baltimore Children and Their Health professionals: A Pilot Study. MedGenMed. 2007 ; 9 ( 1 ) :48. Jones C, Perera A, Chow M, Ho I, Nguyen J, Davachi S. Cardiovascular Disease Risk Among the Poor and Homeless-What We Know So Far. Current Cardiology Reviews. 2009 ; 5:69-77. Plumb J. Homelessness: attention, bar, and public policy. Ann Intern Med. 1997 ; 126:973-975. Schanzer B, Dominguez B, Shrout PE, Caton CLM. Home-lessness, wellness position, and wellness attention usage. Am J Public Health. 2007 ; 97:464-469. Chau S, Chin M, Chang J, et Al. Cancer hazard behaviours and testing rates among stateless grownups in Los Angeles County. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2002 ; 11:431-438. Burt MR. Helping America ‘s Homeless. Washington, DC: Urban Institute Press ; 2001. ( Statistics in this brief are based on the 1996 National Survey of Homeless Assistance Providers and Clients, conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau: 1996 ) . Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. ( 2008, 2009 ) . Childhood Overweight. Retrieved January 13, 2010 from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dnp a/obesity/childhood/index.htm Dammann K, Smith C. Factors Affecting Low-income Women ‘s Food Choices and the Perceived Impact of Dietary Intake and Socioeconomic Status on Their Health and Weight. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior. 2009 ; 41 ( 4 ) :242-252. Strasser JA, Damrosch S, Gaines J. Nutrition and the homeless individual. J Commun Health Nursing. 1991 ; 8:65-73. Luder E, Boey E, Buchalter B, Martinez-Weber C. Assessment of the nutritionary position of urban homeless grownups. Public Health Rep. 1989 ; 104:451-457. Hu FB, Willett WC. Optimal diets for bar of coronary bosom disease. JAMA. 2002 ; 288:2569-2578. Yousey Y, Leake J, Wdowik M, Janken J. Education in a Homeless Shelter to Better the Nutrition of Young Children. Public Health Nursing. 2007 ; 24 ( 3 ) :249-255 Steptoe A, Perkins-Porras L, McKay C, Rink E, Hilton S, Cappuccio Fp. Behavioural reding to increase ingestion of fruit and veggies in low income grownups: randomized test. BMJ 2003 ; 326:885-861 Inland Temporary Homes. Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ithomes.org/ . Accessed February 13, 2010. Prochaska, J.O. , et Al. Detailed Overview of the Transtheoretical Model. Retrieved 11/06/09 from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.uri.edu/research/cprc/TTM/detailedoverview.ht How to cite Healthy Living For Homeless Families Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

International Trade Operations

Question: Following on from the BRICs, the large emerging markets that were identified as key for future business development, Morgan Stanley dubbed Indonesia, South Africa, Brazil, Turkey and India The Fragile Five, potentially indicating that while they are emerging markets there is still a level of risk related to them..As a newly appointed export operations manager of a medium sized company manufacturing specialist electronic equipment for business customers, you have been asked to make recommendations to the Board of Directors on the operational aspects of dealing with emerging markets. Answer: Introduction Economic growth of a nation is boosted by the international trade. It must be noted that in 2010, the world had encountered vigorous growth in terms of global trade (United Nations, 2014). Various organizations are focusing on investing in the emerging economies in order to capitalize huge opportunities. The importance developing nations in terms of trade are significantly influencing the business operations of different firms across the world (Luo Tung, 2007). The leading multinational organizations are targeting emerging countries due to various reasons. First of all, the labor force is cheaper in the developing economies such as China and India. On the other hand, significant growth of middle income group has provided a huge market for international products and services. Increasing number of middle class has contributed in enhancing demand as they are known as consumer class. The logistics service in the emerging nation has been also developing in order to facilitate the interna tional trade operations (KPMG, 2011). Additionally, mode of payments is a important aspect which must be scrutinized by the investors in order to ensure sustainable growth through achievement of predetermined objectives of the international business integration. This paper will focus on discussing the operational activities of a company seeking to integrate its business operation in the foreign market. This paper will consider a medium sized business organization which is emphasizing on exploring the emerging markets as a part of international trade activities. The organization has been engaged into manufacturing of electronic equipments of business customers. Presently, the company ships its products to the developed nations of Western Europe. The management of the organization has decided to conduct its business activity in the Indian market. India is a developing nation with large potential for achieving sustainable growth (Grimwade, 2000). International investors can choose from wide range of business sectors which are booming in India. The market of electronic equipments is found to be rapidly growing in India as the growing population is becoming technology dependent. The export operations manager of the company has been recently appointed and asked to make recommendations regarding different operational activities in order to expand it in India. This report focuses upon iden tification of the important operational aspects in conducting international trade such as mode of transport delivery terms, mode of payments and credit period allowed to the business clients (Rugman Hodgetts, 2003). This paper will review different mode of transport and payment in order to choose the most appropriate one or alternatives for this business firm. Mode of Transport and Delivery Terms Transport and delivery of the products manufactured by the organization is one of the major operational activities. Presently, the organization has been delivering its products to the developed nations of Western Europe. Now the company has chosen to ship its products to the business clients in India. First of all, the major objectives of the logistics system of the company that will be responsible for transporting and delivering products to the Indian business clients must be identified. The company will focus on ensuring the following: Right product must be shipped to the business customers (Raven, 2000). The products must be reached at right quantity and assortment as per the order placed by the client. The product must be delivered within right time at right place in a good condition. The cost of transport and delivery must be minimized (Da Costa, 2010). Transport and delivery of the electronics equipments by the company must focus on fulfilling the above objectives in order to ship their products to Indian business clients. First of all, the available options of transport and delivery must be discussed along with the pros and cons of each system in order to identify the most appropriate option for the company. In order to choose the transport and delivery term, the following aspects needed to be considered: Valuation of the goods and decision on insurance Destination Special requirements of the customers Impact of the cost of transport and delivery on the overhead of the organization (Rugman Hodgetts, 2003). Viability of Road Transport: Road transport is considered to be one of the most flexible options for undertaking the operational activities of International trade in Europe. The motorway network is found to be very efficient and provide quick delivery option. Additionally, the cost of transport is comparative low and the company can easily schedule the transport according to its personal viability. Moreover, the transport procedure can be easily tracked by the company (Raven, 2000). However, in the given situation, it is not possible to deliver the electronic equipments with the aid of road transport as India cannot be connected through land. Hence, the option of road transport cannot be considered (Folsom, Gordon Spanogle, 2009). Viability of Sea Transport: Sea transport is another option which is widely used in case of international trade. It has been observed that when the clients do not impose significant pressure of fastest delivery, sea transport is considered to be one of the best options. There are two ways for shipping via ocean freight: full container load ocean freight (FCL) and less than container load ocean freight (LCL). In first type, the logistics partner will help in suggesting the size of container according to the volume as well as type of the product that needs to be shipped. The second type is used, when the exporter do not have adequate cargo for filling the container load. Hence, the exporter only needs to pay for the space utilized in the container. The rate will be dependent on the volume of the product. Additionally, another way is to use both sea and road transport for shipping the product. In this method, the cargo can be transported to the nearest destination through ocean freight and therefore use road to re ach the destination; this can be also cost-efficient for the company (Valentinov Chatalova, 2013). Insurance and Documents: Few things must be kept in mind while choosing the sea transport for delivering the product. The consignments needed to be protected with insurance. According to the maritime transport conventions, the company has certain insurance cover. However, it is advised to opt for additional insurance such as general cargo insurance. It must be noted that, in case of sea transport, the company needs to make sure the consignments are accompanied by Sea Waybill or Bill of Lading. It is very important as these documents help in understanding the terms of the contract of transport along with the name of the consignment owner. As this company will start its business operation in India, the clients will new. Hence, it is suggested that the company must use Bill of Lading as it permits the company to keep hold of the ownership of the goods until those re released to the customers. It is evident that significant risk is associated with releasing the goods before realization of the revenue unless the company is aware of the creditworthiness of the client. Hence, Bill of Lading will provide documentary security along with greater control over the consignments. Suitability of Sea Transport in This Case: The major advantages of sea transport for the company is, it will help in shipping large volume at lower price in comparison to the air freight. Additionally, shipping containers can be utilized for further transportation by railways or road. It is known that, India is well connected through railways. Hence, it will be advantageous for the company to adopt the combination of sea and road transport for delivering the products to the new business clients (Grath, 2008). However, it must be considered that there are some major disadvantages which need to be considered by the company while it is adopting the sea transport. It has been found that the shipping through sea is slower in comparison to other transport. Additionally, it has been found that the unfavorable weather leads to huge delay in the delivery. The timetables and routes of sea transport are not flexible. Additionally, one of the major issues of sea transport is, it does not provide easy option for tracking the shipment procedure. While sending the products to India, the company needs to bear the cost of port duties as well as tax. It is evident that further transportation must be carried out overland in order to deliver the product to the final destination. The basic freight rates of sea transport are reliant upon the fuel and currency surcharge (Hill, 2003). Viability of Air Transport: Air transport is the fastest at the same time most expensive mode of transport. In case of managing the operations of international trade, air transport is highly reliable. In order to choose the best mode of transport for the company, the major advantages, disadvantages and requirements must be analyzed. Insurance and Documents: The general cargo insurance is also applicable in case of air freight. For air transport, general cargo insurance has three levels: A, B and C. Additionally, the air transport may use the Institute Cargo Clauses (Air). Hence, the company must choose the insurance on the basis of the potential risk associated with the consignment. The Air Waybill is necessary for air transport as it is the contract between the business and the air carrier (Gov.uk, 2012). Advantages and Disadvantages It has been found that the air transport has various advantages for delivering product overseas. The principle advantages of air freight are the quick delivery of products over long distance. The customers demanding quick delivery need to opt for the air transport. Additionally, air freight provides high level of security for the sensitive products. Moreover, air freight can be used for wide range of goods. However, air transport has several issues which must be considering by the company before choosing the air freight as the mode of transport. It has been estimated that the air transport is associated with high cost in comparison to other options. Additionally, it is also not suitable for all type of goods. Sometimes, due to weather condition and some internal issues, flights are delayed or cancelled. Additionally, the exporter needs to pay tax for each airport used during the transportation of the products. It has been observed that the currency surcharge along with fuel cost is added to the cost of air freight. It must be considered that further transportation will be required from the airport to the final destination mentioned by the clients (Gov.uk, 2012). Assessing the two modes of transport ad delivery terms, it is recommended that the combination of ocean and road/ rail transport will be appropriate for exporting the electrical equipments to India. It will cost lower and appropriate for medium size organization for the new business integration. An appropriate freight forwarder must be chosen in order to manage this operation. Mode of Payment terms and Credit Period Cash in Advance: Cash in advance or prepayment is associated with almost zero risk regarding international trade payment. In this case, payment will be received by the company before delivering the product. In order to pay in advance, wire transfer and credit cards are considered to be the most common options (Da Costa, 2010). However, as the company is initiating its foreign operations in India, the clients will not be able to trust the company to make advance payments. This mode of payment will not seem to be attractive to the clients. Hence, the company can lose its market to the competitors. Hence it can be stated that cash in advance or prepayment is not a suitable option for this company expanding its trade activities in India (Folsom, Gordon Spanogle, 2009). Letter of Credit: Letter of credit is considered to be the most secure instrument which is available for the international businesses. First of all, the concept of Letter of Credit must be understood. Letter of credit is the commitment made by the bank on behalf of the client that the payment will be made to the exporter when the terms as well as conditions mentioned in the Letter of Credit are satisfied and it will be verified with the aid of production of relevant documents. The client needs to pay the bank charge for rendering this service to the international trader. It has been found that in India, Letter of Credit is a useful tool for making payment (Kumar, 2000). The reason is, it will be difficult for the organization to obtain all relevant information regarding the creditworthiness of the foreign client. But, when the bank takes the responsibility of the payment, the exporter can be ensured that if the documents are produced, payment will be received. It can be observed that the letter of cre dit helps in protecting the purchaser as they need not make any payment before the shipment of the product. Hence, it will be also preferred by the Indian clients(Da Costa, 2010). Documentary Collection: Documentary collection refers to the transaction in which the exporter needs to delegate the collection of payment to the remitting bank which will be responsible for sending documents to the bank of the importer. The amount received from the importer will b remitted to the company or exporter through the banks participating in the collection procedure and exchanging relevant documents (Zhou, Zhong Wahab, 2013). Document collection procedure uses a draft which is paid by the importer on face value on the specified date. The draft will give the instruction which will specify the required documents for transfer of title to the products. In this case, the bank will act as a facilitator. The cost associated with this process is less than letter of credit. However, this process does not offer verification and it has limited resource (Anna Wodyńska, 2008). Open Account Transaction: It has been found that in case of the Western Nations, the company has adopted open account transaction. In this case, the exporter will offer credit period of 30 to 90 days. It may seem to be the most advantageous option from the importers perspective. As the company is just starting its operation in India, the clients will be new and it will be difficult to allow the credit period. Hence, the risk will be high in this case. Later, this can be considered as the mode of payment (Folsom, Gordon Spanogle, 2009). From the above discussion, it can be stated that the letter of credit will be appropriate mode of payment for the company (Bergami, 2014). Later, the company can consider open account terms for payment in order to compete in the Indian market (Maria Sierpińska, 2011). Conclusion This report has provided an insight to the appropriate mode of transport and delivery along with the payment terms. It has been found that, for the medium sized enterprise, combination of sea transport and road/ rail transport will be suitable. It is advised that the company must ensure that the consignments are accompanied by Bill of Lading. Additionally, general cargo insurance is needed. In case of payments, it has been found that Letter of credit will be initially appropriate for the company. In order to deal with the competitors in the Indian market, the company needs to consider open account terms for offering credit period in order to attract the clients References Anna Wodyńska, A. (2008). 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