Disability and Economic Change in Africa Research Paper

Disability and Economic Change in Africa - Research Paper Example The analysis is from poverty and being employed to economic responsibility and social participation. According to statistics, 2 persons in 20 are disabled and most live in the upcoming countries. The World Bank also, estimates that 1 in 6 is the poorest. Poverty and disability are closely related directly and inversely, they are causes and consequences of the other. Households subjected to poverty are exposed to disabling situations by lack of diet, little access to medical health care, vulnerability and high chances of accidents. It has a great capacity to destroy the lives of the disabled and burden their families (Ashgate, 698). In this study, the aim is to show the variation of income of homes with and without disabilities. Households with members who are impaired are grouped as the affected households and the others, unaffected households. The research showed that about 300 of 5000 selected households had one or more impaired person, relatively poor. Despite these challenges, there is ignorance concerning the economic importance of focusing on the growth and development of people with disabilities and their supporters. In the country, the source of income is in the agricultural sector therefore, the employment level is very low. The supply is lower than the job demand and the non-disabled are the only employed (Ashgate,712). The marginal farmers do not hire workers rather they depend fully on their physical strengths thus, the impaired have catastrophic consequences. Only males are employed in large number and females left to care for their disabled, so the loss of income by the men results in the high amount of debts (Ashgate, 722). The level of unemployment leads to poor living standards of the family members.

Corporate governance approaches Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Corporate governance approaches - Essay Example Due to the many reported business failures, combined with the low profits generated, the credibility and efficiency of corporate structures has been doubted thus the need to assess the accountability and responsibility of such leadership. This kind of system is based on the assumption that the holders of wealth or those who have exclusively invested capital in the business own it. That means the owners are entitled to the profits accruing from the enterprise since they have put their money at risk. In the case, the shareholders manage and control the activities and values in the organization at sometimes the expense of workers, customers and the public interests for instance, in the case of job outsourcing and the tax evasion experienced by the firms. This system of governance puts together all the parties that contribute to the success of the enterprise by recognizing and empowering such parties. It includes not only the owners but also other players such as the managers, suppliers, customers, distributors, employees and the public (Appleyard, Alfred and Steven 261). The system is actually consumer, suppliers and employees oriented. The stakeholders are included in the board of governors and play an active role in the policy making process The main distinguishing figure between the two systems of capitalism is in the approach to the type of environment in which firms develop including the labor and capital. Under stakeholder capitalism, the total reward system of remuneration is used and support towards productivity through education, training and research is accorded. Labor is secured through promotion of employer relationship thus low turnover rates at work making the labor market to be less flexible. Shareholder capitalism, on the other hand, puts a lot of weight and priority to shareholders interests. This cause labor mismanagement and also reduces the return to labor. There is too much external and internal